Adopsi Kecerdasan Buatan dan Kinerja Proses Bisnis: Peran Strategis Kapabilitas BPM pada UKM Kalimantan Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/jred.v3i2.954Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Manajemen Proses Bisnis, Kinerja Proses, UKM, Resource-BasedAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kapabilitas manajemen proses bisnis (Business Process Management/BPM) sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara adopsi kecerdasan buatan dan kinerja proses pada UKM pengguna e-commerce di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel ditentukan melalui purposive sampling, dengan responden berasal dari pelaku UKM yang telah mengadopsi teknologi e-commerce. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert 1–5 dan wawancara untuk menggali data primer yang tidak dapat diperoleh dari kuesioner tertulis. Hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas item kuesioner menunjukkan konsistensi pengukuran dan dapat diandalkan. Survei dilakukan pada 113 UKM dengan 105 data valid dan dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling berbasis WarpPLS. Hasil uji model struktural menunjukkan model memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang cukup tinggi (APC = 0,245; p = 0,002 (signifikan), ARS = 0,493; p < 0,001 dan AARS = 0,475; p < 0,001), tidak terdapat masalah multikolinearitas (AFVIF = 1,883), dan kekuatan model yang sangat baik (GoF = 0,662). Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa adopsi AI tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja proses, tetapi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kapabilitas BPM. Kapabilitas BPM berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja proses. Kapabilitas BPM terbukti secara penuh memediasi hubungan antara adopsi AI dan kinerja proses. Kontrol jenis kelamin, usia, lama usaha, dana lama adopsi teknologi tidak mempengaruhi kinerja proses. Temuan ini memperkuat pandangan Resource-Based View (RBV) bahwa teknologi akan menciptakan nilai bisnis hanya jika didukung oleh kapabilitas organisasi yang memadai. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan literasi data, inovasi, pelanggan, dan digital dalam memperkuat BPM agar UKM dapat mentransformasikan potensi teknologi menjadi keunggulan operasional yang berkelanjutan.
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