Br Meliala, M.E. et al. 2025. Analysis of the Effect of Average Years of Schooling, Pre-Employment Card Program, and Labor Force Participation Rate on Open Unemployment Rate in 32 Provinces of Indonesia. Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development. 3, 1 (Aug. 2025), 18. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47134/jmsd.v3i1.863.